Aims and Scope

Academia Journal of C. M. College, Darbhanga publishes high-quality theoretical, empirical, and conceptual research that contributes significantly to the advancement of knowledge across the humanities, social sciences, commerce, and other relevant interdisciplinary areas. The journal provides a scholarly platform for researchers, academicians, teachers, research scholars, and students to present original research, critical perspectives, innovative ideas, and evidence-based analyses addressing contemporary academic, social, economic, cultural, and institutional issues.

The journal adopts a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective, recognizing that many contemporary issues cannot be adequately understood within the boundaries of a single discipline. It welcomes contributions drawing upon diverse theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches from disciplines such as economics, commerce, management, history, political science, sociology, education, philosophy, psychology, literature, languages, geography, and related areas. The journal encourages qualitative, quantitative, mixed-method, theoretical, conceptual, and comparative studies, as well as systematic literature reviews and other scholarly contributions that advance understanding within and across disciplines.

As a journal associated with C. M. College, Darbhanga, Academia particularly encourages research that engages with the social, economic, cultural, educational, historical, and institutional realities of Bihar, Mithilanchal, India, and the wider global context. Studies focusing on emerging issues, regional development, inclusive growth, educational transformation, governance, entrepreneurship, digitalization, sustainability, and social change are especially encouraged where they generate insights of wider academic relevance. The journal also welcomes comparative studies examining similarities and differences across regions, institutions, communities, economies, and societies.

The journal is committed to maintaining high standards of academic integrity and scholarly quality through a rigorous peer-review and editorial process. Contributions are expected to demonstrate originality, methodological soundness, clarity of argument, engagement with relevant literature, and a meaningful contribution to existing scholarship. While the journal welcomes studies focused on particular regions, institutions, or communities, such studies should, wherever appropriate, articulate their broader theoretical, methodological, or practical significance beyond the immediate context.

As a multilingual journal, Academia welcomes scholarly contributions in languages appropriate to its editorial policy, thereby reflecting the linguistic and cultural diversity of the region while promoting wider participation in academic discourse. The journal seeks to bridge local knowledge and broader scholarship by providing an inclusive forum for researchers from different linguistic, disciplinary, and academic backgrounds.

The journal welcomes papers on:

• Economics and Development: economic growth, development economics, poverty, inequality, labour markets, rural economy, public finance, regional development, and inclusive growth.
• Commerce, Finance and Accounting: financial markets, banking, accounting, taxation, corporate finance, financial inclusion, corporate governance, and emerging trends in commerce.
• Business and Management: management practices, organizational behaviour, marketing, human resource management, entrepreneurship, business strategy, and institutional management.
• Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Digital Transformation: innovation ecosystems, startups, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, digital commerce, technology adoption, and entrepreneurship education.
• Humanities and Languages: literature, language studies, cultural studies, philosophy, history, heritage, linguistics, and interdisciplinary approaches to the humanities.
• Social Sciences: sociology, political science, psychology, geography, social change, community studies, gender studies, and contemporary social issues.
• Education: educational policy, pedagogy, teacher education, higher education, curriculum development, educational technology, inclusive education, and the implementation of NEP 2020.
• Public Policy and Governance: public administration, institutional development, governance, decentralization, public policy, political economy, and social welfare.
• Society, Culture and Regional Studies: Mithilanchal studies, Bihar studies, regional identity, culture, traditions, social institutions, migration, and community development.
• Sustainability and Environment: sustainable development, environmental governance, climate change, green practices, natural resource management, and sustainable communities.
• Inclusive Development: financial inclusion, social inclusion, gender equity, marginalized communities, livelihood development, and equitable access to education and opportunities.
• Contemporary Challenges: the impact of globalization, technological change, artificial intelligence, digitalization, pandemics, economic crises, demographic change, and other emerging challenges on society and institutions.
• Research in Language and Literature: The journal is a multi-lingual journal and publishes articles in Hindi, Urdu, Maithili and Sanskrit with the objective to promote research in regional languages. Articles in the field of language and literature are solicited particularly those having characteristics of comparative literature.
• Interdisciplinary and Comparative Research: studies that bring together perspectives from multiple disciplines or compare different regions, institutions, communities, economies, or social contexts.

Through its multidisciplinary, multilingual, and inclusive approach, Academia Journal of C. M. College, Darbhanga seeks to promote research excellence, intellectual exchange, interdisciplinary dialogue, and knowledge creation. The journal aspires to strengthen the research culture of C. M. College and contribute to the wider academic community of Mithilanchal, Bihar, India, and beyond by connecting locally grounded scholarship with broader national and international academic discourse.

Editorial Team

Our editorial team is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity, clarity, and rigor throughout the peer-review process. Each manuscript submitted to the Academia Journal of C. M. College undergoes careful and honest evaluation, ensuring that every published work reflects the scholarly excellence the journal strives to maintain. As a multilingual and multidisciplinary publication, the review process takes into account the diverse linguistic and academic traditions represented in submissions from the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and commerce, ensuring fairness and consistency across all fields.

Reviewers play a central role in this process by critically examining each manuscript for originality, methodological soundness, and relevance to their respective disciplines. Their assessment goes beyond identifying errors; it involves a thoughtful engagement with the ideas, arguments, and evidence presented, ensuring that the final publication contributes meaningfully to ongoing academic discourse. This rigorous evaluation is what allows the journal to maintain its reputation as a credible platform for scholarly exchange within Mithilanchal and beyond.

Once a manuscript has been reviewed, the reviewers' comments, suggestions, and constructive criticism are compiled and shared with the author. This feedback is intended not merely to critique but to guide the author toward strengthening their work, whether through clarifying arguments, refining methodology, or improving the overall structure of the paper. This collaborative exchange between reviewer and author lies at the heart of academic publishing, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and intellectual growth.

Given the breadth of disciplines covered by the journal—spanning both scientific and social science research—we are actively seeking reviewers from around the world to join our editorial team. We welcome scholars, academicians, and researchers with expertise across various fields to contribute their knowledge and experience to this endeavor. By becoming a reviewer, you will not only support the academic mission of C. M. College but also play a vital role in shaping the quality and integrity of scholarship published in the Academia Journal of C. M. College.

---

Executive Editors

Senior Editors

• Dr. Mayank Srivastava, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Shashank Shukla, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Bibhu, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Subrata Kumar Das, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Sudhanshu Kumar, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Ragini Ranjan, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Sanjeet Kumar Jha, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Alok Kumar Roy, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Khalid Anjum Usmani, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Anupam Kumar Singh, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Aditya Kumar Singh, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Vijaysen Pandey, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Lalit Sharma, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Mirza Ruhullah Baig, C. M. College, Darbhanga

Editorial Advisory Board

• Dr. Md. Zeya Haider, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga
• Dr. Ashok Kumar Mehta, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga
• Dr. Md. Jawaid Akhtar, Maulana Mazhar-ul-Haque Arabic and Persian University, Patna
• Dr. Amar Kumar, Retd. Professor, Department of Philosophy

Editorial Review Board

• Divya Jha, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Surendra Bhardwaj, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Sanjeev Kumar, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Rathore, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Abul Kalam Masroor-ul-Hadi, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Manami Chaterjee, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Ekta Srivastava, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Divya Sharma, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Alok Ranjan, C. M. College, Darbhanga
• Dr. Kumar Gaurav, C. M. College, Darbhanga

Review Mechanism and Policies

The Academia Journal of C. M. College is a multilingual, multidisciplinary publication that draws contributions from the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and commerce. Its credibility rests on a rigorous and transparent peer-review process, and reviewers are central to sustaining that standard. The following guidelines set out the expectations, responsibilities, and procedures that reviewers are asked to follow, in line with the practices observed by leading international journals.

1. Purpose and Scope of Peer Review

Peer review is the mechanism by which the Journal safeguards the quality, originality, and reliability of the scholarship it publishes. It assists the editorial team in reaching sound publication decisions and provides authors with constructive, expert feedback that strengthens their work before it reaches print. Given the Journal's multidisciplinary and multilingual character, reviewers are expected to apply standards appropriate to the conventions of the discipline and language in which a manuscript is written, while upholding a common baseline of academic rigor across all fields.

2. Reviewer Eligibility and Terms of Engagement

Reviewers are invited on the basis of their subject-matter expertise, research standing, and command of the language in which the manuscript is submitted. The role is voluntary and honorary in nature and is undertaken on a part-time basis alongside a reviewer's regular academic commitments. Reviewers are expected to possess:

• Demonstrated academic or research expertise in the relevant field or subfield.
• A sound command of written and spoken English, or of the language of the manuscript under review.
• Reliable access to the internet, as the review process is conducted entirely online.
• Sufficient time to complete a review within the agreed deadline.

A reviewer who does not consider themselves qualified for a particular manuscript, or who cannot complete the review within a reasonable timeframe, should decline the invitation promptly so that an alternative reviewer can be identified without delay.

3. Confidentiality

Manuscripts submitted for review are confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, discuss, or disclose the contents of a manuscript, or the fact that it is under review, with anyone outside the review process, and must not contact the author directly at any stage. A reviewer who wishes to consult a colleague for a second opinion should first seek the editor's permission and disclose the colleague's name in the confidential comments to the editor. Reviewers may not make use of unpublished data, arguments, or interpretations encountered during review in their own work, and any privileged information arising from the process must not be used for personal advantage.

4. Standards of Objectivity and Professional Conduct

Reviews must be conducted with fairness, objectivity, and courtesy. Reviewers are expected to evaluate the scholarly merit of a manuscript on its own terms, setting aside personal, institutional, or ideological considerations. Judgements should be expressed clearly and supported with specific reasoning drawn from the text; personal criticism of the author has no place in a review report. As a general principle, reviewers should extend to authors the same standard of respectful, constructive engagement they would wish to receive for their own work.

5. Conflicts of Interest

Reviewers should decline an invitation, or inform the editor before accepting one, whenever a conflict of interest may compromise their objectivity. Such conflicts may arise from close collaboration, institutional affiliation, personal relationships, or competitive interests involving the author(s). Where a reviewer believes that the author should cite the reviewer's own published work, this suggestion must be justified purely on scholarly grounds and never proposed as a means of inflating citation counts or raising the reviewer's own profile.

6. Ethical Vigilance

Reviewers are asked to remain alert to potential ethical concerns while reading a manuscript and to bring any such concerns to the editor's attention promptly. Matters warranting particular attention include:

• Substantial overlap or similarity with a manuscript already published elsewhere, where known to the reviewer.
• Findings, arguments, or data that appear to have been reported previously without appropriate citation.
• Indications that the required ethical approvals or participant consent may be absent, where applicable to the study.
• Any other signs of research or publication misconduct.

7. Criteria for Manuscript Evaluation

While expectations naturally vary across disciplines, reviewers are asked to consider the following questions, as relevant to the manuscript under review:

• Are the research questions or objectives clearly stated and academically significant?
• Is the study design, methodology, and (where applicable) sample size appropriate to the research question?
• Where required, is there evidence of appropriate ethical approval and participant consent?
• Are the methods, materials, and procedures described in sufficient detail to allow the work to be understood or reproduced?
• Are analytical or statistical approaches appropriate and correctly applied?
• Do the figures, tables, and data presented accurately and clearly represent the findings?
• Has relevant prior research been adequately discussed and situated within the existing literature?
• Are citations appropriate, relevant, and free from excessive or self-serving references?
• Do the results genuinely support the conclusions drawn, and are the limitations of the study acknowledged?
• Is the abstract an accurate and balanced summary of the work?
• Is the language clear, precise, and appropriate to an academic readership?

8. Reviewer Recommendations and Reporting

Having evaluated the manuscript against these criteria, reviewers should submit a written report that offers constructive, well-reasoned analysis to guide the author's revisions. The report should conclude with one of the following recommendations: accept, revise (minor or major), or reject. Reviewers should note that this recommendation informs, but does not replace, the final editorial decision, which rests with the academic editor. Any comments a reviewer does not wish the author to see, including sensitive concerns about ethics or originality, should be placed in a separate confidential section addressed to the editor.

9. Timeliness and Communication

Timely reviews are essential to a fair and efficient publication process. Reviewers are expected to submit their reports on or before the agreed deadline. If unforeseen circumstances make this impossible, the reviewer should notify the Journal as early as possible so that a revised timeline can be arranged or an alternative reviewer identified.

10. Recognition and Continued Engagement

The Academia Journal of C. M. College values the time and expertise that reviewers contribute on a voluntary basis and is committed to acknowledging their role in sustaining the Journal's academic standards. Scholars from India and abroad, working across the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and commerce, are warmly invited to join the Journal's panel of reviewers and to contribute to the advancement of scholarship within Mithilanchal and the wider academic community.

Authors’ Guidelines

The Academia Journal of C. M. College welcomes original scholarly contributions from the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and commerce, submitted in the languages the Journal supports[cite: 1]. To keep the review and production process efficient, authors are asked to prepare their manuscripts in line with the guidelines below before submission[cite: 1]. Submissions that do not conform to these requirements may be returned for revision prior to being sent for review[cite: 1].

1. Scope of Contributions

The Journal accepts original research articles, critical analyses, case studies, book reviews, and theoretical or interdisciplinary discussions that contribute new insight to their field[cite: 1]. Contributions should be intended primarily for an academic readership and should engage seriously with existing scholarship on the subject[cite: 1].

2. General Submission Policy

By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that:

• The work is original, has not been published previously in any form, and is not concurrently under consideration by another journal or publication[cite: 1]. Where a closely related version has appeared elsewhere, this must be disclosed in the covering note to the editor[cite: 1].
• All named authors have agreed to the submission and to the order in which their names appear[cite: 1].
• The manuscript does not infringe the copyright or other rights of any third party, and any material reproduced from another source (data, images, or extended quotations) is properly credited and, where necessary, used with permission[cite: 1].
• The research reported complies with applicable ethical standards, including, where relevant, institutional ethical approval and informed consent of participants[cite: 1].

3. Manuscript Format and File Type

Manuscripts should be submitted as an editable file in Microsoft Word, OpenOffice, or Rich Text Format (RTF)[cite: 1]. PDF files are not accepted for the initial submission, as the editorial and typesetting process requires an editable document[cite: 1].

Authors should prepare the manuscript using the Journal's manuscript template, which specifies the required page size, font, spacing, and heading styles[cite: 1]:

• Manuscript Template (Word) — available for download from the Journal's submission page[cite: 1].
• LaTeX Template — available for authors who prefer to typeset in LaTeX[cite: 1].

All tables, figures, and illustrations should be embedded within the body of the text at the point where they are discussed, and not collected at the end of the manuscript[cite: 1]. Each figure and table should carry a clear, numbered caption and be referred to explicitly in the text[cite: 1].

4. Language and Style

Manuscripts may be submitted in any of the languages supported by the Journal[cite: 1]. Whatever the language of submission, the writing should be clear, grammatically correct, and consistent in terminology throughout[cite: 1]. Technical or discipline-specific terms should be defined on first use[cite: 1]. An abstract of 150–250 words and three to six keywords should accompany every submission, summarising the objectives, method, and principal findings of the work[cite: 1].

5. Referencing Style

The Journal follows the APA (American Psychological Association) referencing style for both in-text citations and the reference list[cite: 1]. Authors should note the following requirements[cite: 1]:

• The reference list should include only those works actually cited in the body of the text — papers, books, and other publications — and should exclude general background reading[cite: 1].
• At least 60% of the primary references cited should be drawn from national or international journal articles published within the last ten years[cite: 1].
• References should be arranged alphabetically by author surname and, for multiple works by the same author, chronologically by year of publication[cite: 1].
• The use of a reference management application — such as EndNote, Mendeley, or Zotero — is strongly encouraged to ensure consistency and accuracy[cite: 1].
• Where available, the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) should be listed beneath each reference entry[cite: 1]. DOIs can be located using the CrossRef Simple Text Query tool at crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery[cite: 1].
• Where a DOI is not available, the URL of the cited source should be provided instead, wherever one exists[cite: 1].

6. Submission Preparation Checklist

Before submitting, authors are asked to confirm that the manuscript meets each of the following requirements[cite: 1]. Submissions that do not meet these conditions may be returned for revision before being sent for peer review[cite: 1].

1. The submission has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration by another journal (or, where applicable, an explanation has been given in the Comments to the Editor)[cite: 1].
2. The submission file is provided in Microsoft Word, OpenOffice, or RTF format[cite: 1].
3. URLs have been provided for references where they are available online[cite: 1].
4. The manuscript follows the Journal's template, with all figures, tables, and illustrations placed within the text at the points where they are discussed, rather than gathered at the end[cite: 1].
5. The reference list and in-text citations follow APA style, with DOIs or URLs included where available[cite: 1].
6. An abstract and keywords have been included, and the language has been checked for clarity and correctness[cite: 1].

7. Peer Review Process

All submissions that meet the preparation checklist are forwarded to the editorial team for an initial assessment of scope and quality, followed by double-blind peer review by subject experts[cite: 1]. Authors will be notified of the outcome, along with reviewers' comments, and may be asked to revise the manuscript before a final decision on publication is made[cite: 1].

8. Copyright and Author Responsibility

Authors retain the intellectual ownership of their work while granting the Journal the right to publish, distribute, and archive the article[cite: 1]. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the content, the originality of the material, and for securing any permissions required for reproduced material prior to submission[cite: 1].

9. Privacy Statement

Names and email addresses submitted through the Journal's website will be used solely for the purposes stated by the Journal — namely, communication relating to submission, review, and publication — and will not be shared with any other party or used for any other purpose[cite: 1].

---

Guidelines for Urdu/Hindi/Maithili/Sanskrit Languages Paper

• Script & typing: Manuscripts must be typed in Unicode fonts only — never scanned images of text[cite: 1]. Devanagari submissions (Hindi, Maithili, Sanskrit) should use a standard Unicode font (e.g., Mangal, Noto Sans Devanagari); Urdu submissions should use a standard Unicode Nastaliq font (e.g., Jameel Noori Nastaleeq)[cite: 1].
• File format: Submit as an editable Microsoft Word (.docx) file — PDFs and scanned copies are not accepted at submission stage[cite: 1].
• Abstract: Every submission must carry an English abstract (150–250 words) in addition to the abstract in the original language, to support indexing and cross-language accessibility[cite: 1].
• Keywords: 3–6 keywords, given in both the source language and English[cite: 1].
• Technical terms: On first use, any specialized or technical term should be followed by its English equivalent in brackets[cite: 1].
• References: Follow APA style[cite: 1]. For sources originally in Devanagari or Urdu script, also provide a Roman transliteration of the author's name and title so the reference is machine-readable by international databases[cite: 1]. Include DOI/URL where available[cite: 1].
• Captions: Table and figure captions should appear in both the source language and English[cite: 1].
• Length: Comparable to English submissions — approximately 3,000–6,000 words[cite: 1].
• Originality declaration: A signed statement confirming the work is original and not under consideration elsewhere, in either the source language or English[cite: 1].
• Proofreading: Manuscripts should be proofread by a subject/language expert prior to submission to ensure correct orthography and grammar[cite: 1].

Language-Specific Notes

Research Ethics

The Academia Journal of C. M. College is committed to maintaining high standards of academic integrity, ethical research, transparency, and responsible scholarly communication[cite: 1]. The following guidelines apply to all authors submitting manuscripts to the journal[cite: 1]. By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that they have read and agree to comply with these requirements[cite: 1].

1. Ethical Guidelines for Authors

Authors are expected to uphold the principles of academic honesty and responsible research throughout the preparation and submission of their manuscripts[cite: 1].

1.1 Originality and Authorship

• Authors must submit original work that has not been published previously in its entirety and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere[cite: 1].
• All individuals who have made a substantial intellectual contribution to the research and manuscript should be appropriately acknowledged as authors[cite: 1].
• Individuals who have not made a substantive contribution should not be listed as authors[cite: 1].
• The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all co-authors have approved the final manuscript and consented to its submission[cite: 1].

1.2 Accuracy and Integrity

• Authors must present their findings accurately and honestly[cite: 1].
• Data, evidence, quotations, references, tables, figures, and other scholarly materials must not be fabricated, falsified, or deliberately misrepresented[cite: 1].
• Authors should provide sufficient methodological information to enable readers to understand and, where reasonably possible, evaluate the research[cite: 1].
• Any limitations of the study that may materially affect the interpretation of the findings should be appropriately acknowledged[cite: 1].

1.3 Citation and Acknowledgement

• Authors must properly acknowledge the ideas, arguments, data, quotations, translations, and other contributions of previous researchers[cite: 1].
• Direct quotations must be clearly identified and appropriately cited[cite: 1].
• Sources consulted in preparing the manuscript should be accurately referenced[cite: 1].
• Authors should not manipulate citations merely to increase citation counts or provide irrelevant citations[cite: 1].

1.4 Duplicate and Redundant Publication

Authors should not submit substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously[cite: 1]. If a manuscript substantially overlaps with the author's previously published or submitted work, this must be disclosed to the Editorial Board[cite: 1].

1.5 Research Ethics

Where research involves human participants, personal data, interviews, surveys, or other ethically sensitive information, authors should comply with applicable institutional and legal ethical requirements[cite: 1]. Where relevant, information regarding ethical approval, informed consent, or protection of participant confidentiality should be provided[cite: 1].

1.6 Corrections and Retractions

Authors have a responsibility to inform the Editorial Board promptly if they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work[cite: 1]. Authors should cooperate with the journal in issuing corrections, clarifications, or retractions where necessary[cite: 1].

2. Plagiarism Prevention Policy

The Academia Journal of C. M. College follows a zero-tolerance approach to plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct[cite: 1]. Plagiarism includes presenting another person's words, ideas, data, arguments, images, or other intellectual work as one's own without appropriate acknowledgement[cite: 1].

2.1 Forms of Plagiarism

Plagiarism may include, but is not limited to[cite: 1]:

• Direct copying of text without quotation and citation[cite: 1].
• Copying or reproducing substantial portions of another person's work without appropriate acknowledgement[cite: 1].
• Presenting another author's ideas, arguments, data, tables, figures, or findings as one's own[cite: 1].
• Close paraphrasing without proper attribution[cite: 1].
• Reusing one's own previously published material without appropriate acknowledgement (self-plagiarism)[cite: 1].
• Submitting substantially similar or identical manuscripts to multiple publications[cite: 1].
• Unauthorised use or reproduction of copyrighted material[cite: 1].

2.2 Plagiarism Screening

All submitted manuscripts may be subjected to plagiarism/similarity screening using appropriate plagiarism-detection software or other methods adopted by the journal[cite: 1].

A similarity report will be considered as an aid to editorial assessment rather than as the sole basis for determining plagiarism[cite: 1]. Legitimate similarities arising from references, quotations, commonly used terminology, titles, methodological descriptions, or other unavoidable material may be considered separately[cite: 1].

2.3 Action in Cases of Suspected Plagiarism

Where substantial plagiarism or other forms of academic misconduct are suspected, the Editorial Board may[cite: 1]:

• Request an explanation from the author(s)[cite: 1];
• Ask the author(s) to revise the manuscript where the issue is minor and remediable[cite: 1];
• Reject the manuscript[cite: 1];
• Suspend consideration of the manuscript pending investigation[cite: 1];
• Notify the relevant institution where serious misconduct is established or where institutional investigation is appropriate[cite: 1]; and/or
• Take appropriate corrective action concerning a published article, including issuing a correction, expression of concern, or retraction[cite: 1].

The seriousness of the action shall depend on the nature, extent, and circumstances of the suspected misconduct[cite: 1].

3. Conflict of Interest Disclosure Policy

The Academia Journal of C. M. College requires authors to disclose any financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation[cite: 1].

3.1 What Constitutes a Conflict of Interest?

A conflict of interest may arise from, among other things[cite: 1]:

• Financial support, grants, consultancy, employment, or other financial relationships[cite: 1];
• Personal or professional relationships that could influence the research[cite: 1];
• Institutional affiliations or responsibilities[cite: 1];
• Ownership of intellectual property relevant to the research[cite: 1];
• Membership of organizations or committees with a direct interest in the subject of the manuscript[cite: 1]; or
• Any other circumstance that may reasonably create an appearance of bias[cite: 1].

Not every disclosed relationship necessarily constitutes misconduct[cite: 1]. The purpose of disclosure is to promote transparency and allow readers to assess potential sources of influence[cite: 1].

3.2 Disclosure Requirement

Authors should disclose relevant conflicts of interest at the time of submission[cite: 1]. Where no conflict exists, authors should explicitly state[cite: 1]:

Conflict of Interest: The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interest relevant to the publication of this article[cite: 1].

Where a conflict exists, authors should provide a clear statement describing its nature[cite: 1].

3.3 Funding Disclosure

Authors should disclose sources of financial or institutional support for the research where applicable[cite: 1]. If the research received no specific funding, an appropriate statement may be provided[cite: 1].

3.4 Editorial and Peer-Review Conflicts

Editors and reviewers should disclose conflicts that could affect their impartiality[cite: 1]. Individuals with a significant conflict should not participate in the editorial or peer-review decision concerning the relevant manuscript[cite: 1].

4. Policy on AI-Generated and AI-Assisted Content

The Academia Journal of C. M. College recognizes that artificial intelligence (AI) tools may assist authors in research, language editing, translation, data analysis, formatting, and other scholarly activities[cite: 1]. However, the use of AI must not compromise academic integrity, originality, transparency, confidentiality, or author responsibility[cite: 1].

4.1 Responsibility of Authors

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical acceptability of the entire manuscript, irrespective of whether AI tools have been used during its preparation[cite: 1].

AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot accept responsibility for the content, disclose conflicts of interest, or take responsibility for the integrity of the research[cite: 1].

4.2 Permissible Uses of AI

Subject to appropriate disclosure and verification, authors may use AI tools for activities such as[cite: 1]:

• Language improvement and grammar correction[cite: 1];
• Translation assistance[cite: 1];
• Improving clarity and readability[cite: 1];
• Formatting or organizing material[cite: 1];
• Generating preliminary ideas or outlines[cite: 1];
• Assistance with coding or data-processing tasks[cite: 1]; and
• Other legitimate research-support activities[cite: 1].

Authors must independently verify all AI-assisted outputs before incorporating them into a manuscript[cite: 1].

4.3 Disclosure of Generative AI Use

If generative AI has been used to produce substantive text, analysis, images, tables, code, or other content included in the manuscript, the authors should disclose its use to the Editorial Board[cite: 1].

The disclosure should identify[cite: 1]:

• The AI tool or system used[cite: 1];
• The purpose for which it was used[cite: 1]; and
• The relevant part or stage of manuscript preparation in which it was used[cite: 1].

A suitable statement may be[cite: 1]:

AI Use Disclosure: During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used [name of AI tool] for [language editing/translation/idea development/other purpose][cite: 1]. The author(s) reviewed and verified all AI-assisted content and take full responsibility for the final content of the manuscript[cite: 1].

Where AI was used only for minor spelling, grammar, or formatting assistance, the journal may not require a detailed disclosure; however, authors remain responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the final manuscript[cite: 1].

4.4 Prohibited or Unacceptable Uses

Authors must not[cite: 1]:

• Submit AI-generated material as entirely their own work where such use constitutes a misrepresentation of authorship or originality[cite: 1];
• Use AI to fabricate or manipulate research data, findings, references, quotations, or evidence[cite: 1];
• Use AI-generated references without independently verifying their authenticity and accuracy[cite: 1];
• Use AI to create fictitious sources or citations[cite: 1];
• Use AI to conceal plagiarism or other forms of academic misconduct[cite: 1];
• Upload confidential, unpublished, personal, or sensitive research material to AI systems where doing so would violate confidentiality, privacy, copyright, or applicable institutional requirements[cite: 1]; or
• Rely on AI-generated information without appropriate scholarly verification[cite: 1].

4.5 AI-Generated Images, Tables, and Other Materials

Any AI-generated or substantially AI-modified image, table, figure, dataset, code, or other scholarly material must comply with applicable copyright, licensing, ethical, and research-integrity requirements[cite: 1]. Authors should disclose such use where it materially contributes to the submitted work[cite: 1].

4.6 Verification of AI-Generated Content

AI systems may generate inaccurate, incomplete, biased, or fabricated information[cite: 1]. Authors are therefore required to independently verify[cite: 1]:

The use of an AI tool does not transfer responsibility for errors from the author to the AI system[cite: 1].

5. Editorial Action on Ethical Violations

The Editorial Board of the Academia Journal of C. M. College reserves the right to investigate suspected violations of these guidelines[cite: 1]. Depending on the circumstances and severity of the matter, the journal may request clarification, require correction, reject a manuscript, suspend publication, issue a correction or expression of concern, or retract a published article[cite: 1].

Where appropriate, the journal may seek guidance from the author's institution or relevant research-integrity bodies[cite: 1].

The journal's objective is not merely to detect misconduct but to promote a culture of academic honesty, transparency, responsible authorship, and ethical scholarly communication[cite: 1].

The Academia Journal of C. M. College is committed to maintaining a transparent, fair, and academically rigorous publication process while respecting the principles of research integrity and responsible use of emerging technologies[cite: 1].

Archival Policy

The Academia Journal of C. M. College is committed to the systematic preservation, accessibility, and long-term continuity of its scholarly publications[cite: 1]. As an annual, multilingual, and multidisciplinary academic journal of C. M. College, Darbhanga, the journal recognizes that preservation of its published record is an essential part of its academic and institutional heritage[cite: 1].

1. Print Archiving

A hard copy of every published issue of the Academia Journal of C. M. College is preserved in the Library of C. M. College, Darbhanga as part of the institutional scholarly archive[cite: 1]. These physical copies constitute the permanent print record of the journal and may be consulted by researchers, teachers, students, and other authorized users subject to the rules of the College Library[cite: 1].

The College Library shall make reasonable efforts to preserve the physical copies in suitable conditions and maintain continuity of the journal's print collection[cite: 1].

2. Digital Archiving

To ensure wider accessibility and to safeguard the journal against the loss or deterioration of physical copies, the published issues are also preserved in digital form[cite: 1]. The available issues of the journal are scanned and uploaded in PDF form on the official website of C. M. College[cite: 1].

The digital archive is intended to provide convenient access to the journal's historical and current scholarly record and to facilitate research, teaching, citation, and academic use[cite: 1]. Wherever possible, scanned files shall retain the original pagination and bibliographic information of the print edition[cite: 1].

3. Preservation of Historical Issues

The journal is committed to the gradual digitization of its back issues and archival volumes, subject to the availability and physical condition of historical copies[cite: 1]. Newly published issues shall be incorporated into the digital archive as part of the journal's regular publication and preservation process[cite: 1].

Where older issues are digitized, the scanned version shall be treated as a preservation copy of the corresponding print edition and shall not replace the physical archival record maintained in the College Library[cite: 1].

4. Access and Continuity

The archival policy follows the principle of maintaining multiple forms of access: the physical archival collection in the College Library and the digital collection hosted on the College website[cite: 1]. Maintaining both formats reduces dependence on a single medium and strengthens the continuity of the scholarly record[cite: 1].

The journal shall make reasonable efforts to keep archived issues accessible through stable and clearly identified webpages or archival sections of the College website[cite: 1]. The journal's archival record shall be maintained irrespective of changes in editorial personnel or publication arrangements[cite: 1].

5. Digital Preservation and Backup

The College shall endeavour to maintain appropriate backups of digitized journal files and associated bibliographic information[cite: 1]. Where technically and institutionally feasible, the journal may adopt recognized digital preservation mechanisms such as institutional repositories or trusted preservation services[cite: 1].

This approach is consistent with established scholarly publishing practice[cite: 1]. DOAJ recommends that journals have a clearly stated plan for electronic backup and long-term digital preservation, while services such as LOCKSS and CLOCKSS use distributed preservation approaches to protect scholarly content against technological, organizational, or accidental loss[cite: 1].

6. Institutional Responsibility

The C. M. College Library and the Editorial Board of the Academia Journal of C. M. College shall jointly support the preservation and accessibility of the journal's archival record[cite: 1]. Responsibility for maintaining the digital archive shall include periodic verification of the availability and integrity of uploaded files and, where necessary, migration to suitable formats or platforms[cite: 1].

7. Archival Principle

The Academia Journal of C. M. College considers its published issues to be part of the institutional and intellectual heritage of C. M. College and the wider academic community of Mithilanchal[cite: 1]. Accordingly, the journal is committed to preserving its scholarly record in both physical and digital formats and to facilitating continued access for present and future generations of researchers[cite: 1].

Previous Issues

Current Issue

Subscription Fees & Contact